The inability to help their children with their homework could have. a determining effect on the education achievements of the latter. especially when schools closed (Brossard et al .2020).
Omit, the findings suggest that children of engaged parents. are more motivated to learn for enjoyment. as they adopt their parents’ positive attitude towards school and learning (OECD, 2012). Accompanying and controlling the main objectives of children.
Challenges And Limitations
There is little data on parental involvement. effects on children’s learning outcomes in developing countries. Most research conducted in urban areas of Western countries. which often have support structures. Ease parental involvement (Marphatia et al., 2010; Carter, 2017). In studies conducted in developing countries, parental involvement measured according. to a scale that has fixed in the context of developed countries. where their involvement may be different.
Not all forms of participation have the same impact on learning. According to Cao et al. (2014). the data from experimental and quasi-experimental studies. on this question depend on the type of parental involvement and the outcome studied. Others say that parental involvement in school is only. related to student achievement, at least in comparison with. “good parental support at home”. (Desforges and Abouchaar, 2003).
Data on the causal link of parental involvement on educational outcomes are sparse. Most studies report a strong correlation between parental involvement. and academic achievement is descriptive and fail to show causation (Marphatia et al., 2010; Cao et al., 2014, p. 11; Carter, 2017).
Since there are several different definitions of parental involvement. and no consensus is emerging on which types of parental involvement lead. to which educational outcomes, it isn’t very easy to establish links between. parental involvement and student learning, especially since several different factors. determine academic achievement (Cao et al., 2014; Desforges and Abouchaar, 2003).
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Barriers To Parental Involvement
Some parents, especially those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds or minority groups, face barriers. that prevent them from participating in their children’s learning. According to Axford et al.(2019, p. 7), there are material and psychological barriers “that operate . (and in a discriminatory way) depending on social class”. and we observe a socioeconomic factor that influences parents’ investment in lifelong learning. Their parents and in the learning environment at home.
Policy And Planning
Integrate parental involvement into education plans and policies
Increasingly, policymakers are aware that parental involvement is integral. part of educational reforms (Wilder,2014 ). At the regionalized level, district education offices can support parents with their roles. and responsibilities (Kayabwe, Asiimwe, and Nkaada, 2014). Parental involvement should designed to fit into a whole school. or department strategy, including needs analysis. priority setting, monitoring and evaluation, and public awareness (Goodall and Vorhaus, 2010,
Capacity Building For Teachers and Administrators
Parenting and Involvement Programs
Programs for parents aim to make them aware of the importance. of the role they play in supporting the growth. and development of their children and to reinforce or change their. attitudes, beliefs and practices relating to the upbringing of a child. (Evans, 2006). Parent involvement programs aim to strengthen home-school relationships to improve. educational outcomes (Barrera-Osorio, 2021). Most programs focus on marginalized or disadvantaged parents or families from ethnic minorities. The HIPPY Program, implemented in many countries, assists underprivileged families & parents of children. In Romania, UNICEF & the Ministry of Education are collaborating. on a national educational platform for parents, through which 31,000 parents. and guardians have received parenting lessons. According to UNICEF, these courses contribute to better participation in school. and improved communication between parents and schools.
Integration Of Parental Involvement In Teacher Training and School Curricula
Promotion Of Parent Associations
The positive effect of the involvement and support of parents is significant. both from the point of view of the governance of the establishment and the educational. achievements of the children (Desforges and Abouchaar, 2003; Balarin and Cueto, 2007). School governance rules can also serve as a starting point for involving parents. But, in most countries, et al., 2010; Bray, 2001).
Parental Support During School Closures
Policy decisions on school closures and the continuation of distance. learning must consider parents. ability to help their children learn. Home learning kits can provide. especially in the absence of a connection to computer tools. or electricity (Brossard et al., 2020). Angrist et al.(2020) found that contacting parents by text or phone helped engage parents. more in their children’s education and gave them a better idea of their child’s grade level.
